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發動機不能(neng)啟動故障分(fen)析(xi)

電子(zi)噴射(she)汽車的啟動故障分(fen)析：
發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機能(neng)正常(chang)(chang)啟動(dong)(dong)必須具備三個要素(su)(su)：壓(ya)縮、火花和混合氣(qi)。如(ru)果(guo)某一要素(su)(su)工(gong)作異(yi)常(chang)(chang)便會(hui)引起發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機不(bu)能(neng)啟動(dong)(dong)或啟動(dong)(dong)困難。導致電(dian)噴發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機啟動(dong)(dong)故障因(yin)素(su)(su)較多，下(xia)面分析的故障都是(shi)在蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)、啟動(dong)(dong)系統工(gong)作正常(chang)(chang)、發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機具有良好的壓(ya)縮和火花、排氣(qi)凈化(hua)裝置(zhi)工(gong)作正常(chang)(chang)的情況下(xia)發(fa)(fa)生的。

啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)故障一般(ban)表(biao)現為不能啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)困難(nan)，其中啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)困難(nan)又分為冷(leng)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)困難(nan)和(he)熱啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)困難(nan)。

一.不(bu)能(neng)啟動

發動(dong)機不能啟(qi)動(dong)且無著火(huo)征兆，一般是由于燃油沒(mei)有(you)(you)噴(pen)射(she)引起的，其原因(yin)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)以(yi)下幾點：

1、轉速(su)信號系統(tong)故障
發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機轉速和曲(qu)軸位(wei)置(zhi)傳感(gan)器(qi)在發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機工作時(shi)檢(jian)測其轉速信號(hao)、提供曲(qu)軸位(wei)置(zhi)信號(hao)，并作為控制(zhi)系統進行各項控制(zhi)的(de)主要依據和基礎。如(ru)果傳感(gan)器(qi)或其線路出現(xian)(xian)故障，電控單元不(bu)(bu)(bu)能接收(shou)到速度信號(hao)和曲(qu)軸位(wei)置(zhi)信號(hao)，就(jiu)無法正確地控制(zhi)燃油噴(pen)射(she)和點火(huo)正時(shi)，就(jiu)會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)噴(pen)油器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)作，火(huo)花塞(sai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)跳火(huo)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象。用聽診器(qi)和正時(shi)燈進行檢(jian)查，便可確認(ren)噴(pen)油器(qi)和火(huo)花塞(sai)是否工作。

出現(xian)上述故障時，一般自(zi)診斷系(xi)統可顯示出故障代碼，應對轉速傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、1和(he)2號凸(tu)輪軸位置傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)其線(xian)路進行全面檢(jian)查。首先斷開各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的接(jie)線(xian)器(qi)(qi)，檢(jian)查它們的電阻，如(ru)阻值(zhi)不(bu)正常，則須更換；如(ru)正常，再檢(jian)查ECU與(yu)各傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的配(pei)線(xian)和(he)接(jie)線(xian)器(qi)(qi)是否正常。

2、燃油泵(beng)及(ji)控制電路故(gu)障(zhang)
如(ru)果燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵或控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)出現故障，也(ye)會造成(cheng)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統沒有(you)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)力。即(ji)使噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)正常(chang)，燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)也(ye)不能正常(chang)噴(pen)射。檢查(cha)方法是：用短接線連接診斷(duan)插端子(zi)+B和(he)FP然(ran)后接通點火開關（不啟動），檢查(cha)進油(you)(you)(you)軟管(guan)中(zhong)有(you)無壓(ya)力。如(ru)果軟管(guan)中(zhong)有(you)壓(ya)力且可聽(ting)到回油(you)(you)(you)聲，說明燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵本身沒有(you)問題(ti)；否(fou)則(ze)，應檢查(cha)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵，可用萬用表測量(liang)端子(zi)4和(he)5之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，如(ru)與(yu)規定不符，則(ze)需更換(huan)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵。如(ru)果燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)正常(chang)，則(ze)應檢查(cha)其控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，主(zhu)要包括保險(xian)絲、EFI主(zhu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)泵繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)以及各(ge)配(pei)線和(he)接線器(qi)。