重慶直流電(dian)(dian)機維(wei)修電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的日(ri)常檢(jian)查與維(wei)護保養(yang)
電動(dong)機由定子(zi)架(jia)、繞組(zu)及(ji)(ji)絕(jue)緣材料、轉子(zi)、兩端軸承及(ji)(ji)端蓋等(deng)(deng)組(zu)成,比(bi)較簡單。電動(dong)機故障的原因(yin)有:電源斷相、電壓或頻率不(bu)(bu)(bu)對,繞組(zu)短路(lu)(lu)、斷路(lu)(lu)、接地(di)軸承運轉不(bu)(bu)(bu)良,內、外部臟,散熱(re)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好,外部涂油漆太(tai)厚(hou)也是散熱(re)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好的原因(yin)和(he)自帶冷卻風(feng)扇(shan)壞(huai),通風(feng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)暢(chang)與機械裝備不(bu)(bu)(bu)良,長(chang)期高負荷運行,環境溫(wen)度高,等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。電動(dong)機的損壞(huai)90%以上都(dou)是維修人員日(ri)常(chang)檢(jian)查不(bu)(bu)(bu)細、維護保(bao)養不(bu)(bu)(bu)足造成的,只要堅持認真看(kan)、聽、摸、測(ce)、做(zuo),絕(jue)大多數故障都(dou)可(ke)以預防和(he)避免。
1.看
每天巡(xun)查時看(kan)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)工作電(dian)(dian)流的大小(xiao)和變(bian)化(hua),看(kan)周圍有沒有漏水、滴(di)水,是(shi)否會(hui)因絕緣(yuan)低擊(ji)穿繞阻而(er)燒壞電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。還要(yao)(yao)看(kan)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)外圍是(shi)否有影響(xiang)其(qi)通風(feng)散熱環境的物(wu)件,看(kan)風(feng)扇端蓋、扇葉和電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)外部是(shi)否過臟需要(yao)(yao)清(qing)潔,要(yao)(yao)確保(bao)其(qi)冷卻散熱效(xiao)果。無論誰(shui)發現(xian)問題,都(dou)應及(ji)時處理(li)。
2.聽
認(ren)真細(xi)聽電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)運行聲(sheng)音是否異常。因機(ji)房噪音較大,可(ke)借助于螺絲刀或(huo)(huo)聽棒等(deng)輔助工具,貼近電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)兩端(duan)聽。如果(guo)經常聽,不(bu)但能發現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)及(ji)其拖動(dong)(dong)設(she)備的(de)不(bu)良振動(dong)(dong),連內部軸承油的(de)多少都(dou)能判斷,從而(er)及(ji)時作出添加軸承油,或(huo)(huo)更換新(xin)軸承等(deng)相應(ying)的(de)措施處理,避免電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)軸承缺油干磨而(er)堵轉(zhuan)、走外圓、掃膛燒(shao)壞。
多數廠家考(kao)慮到(dao)大型電動機(ji)(ji)解體更換軸承的(de)困(kun)難,會采用(yong)(yong)開式軸承,定期(qi)(2000h),用(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)槍(qiang)加油(you)(you)時(shi)需注意(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電機(ji)(ji)名牌標示軸承油(you)(you)(-35℃—+140℃),并將下端放油(you)(you)口打開或另一邊的(de)悶頭螺絲拆(chai)卸開,以便將舊油(you)(you)擠(ji)換出來(注意(yi)補充油(you)(you)定額),防(fang)止(zhi)加油(you)(you)時(shi)因壓力大把油(you)(you)擠(ji)到(dao)電動機(ji)(ji)內部,運轉時(shi)濺到(dao)定轉子上,影(ying)響電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)散熱功能等。
3.摸
用手背探(tan)模(mo)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)。在軸(zhou)承(cheng)狀況較好情(qing)況下(xia)(xia),一般兩端(duan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)都(dou)會低于(yu)中(zhong)間繞(rao)組(zu)段的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)。如果(guo)兩端(duan)軸(zhou)承(cheng)處溫(wen)度(du)較高,就要(yao)結(jie)合所(suo)測(ce)的(de)(de)軸(zhou)承(cheng)聲音情(qing)況檢查軸(zhou)承(cheng)。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)總體溫(wen)度(du)偏(pian)高,就要(yao)結(jie)合工作電(dian)(dian)流檢查電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)負載、裝(zhuang)備和通風等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況并進行相應處理。 根據電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)所(suo)用絕緣材料(liao)的(de)(de)絕緣等(deng)(deng)級(ji),可以確定電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運行時繞(rao)組(zu)絕緣能長(chang)期使用的(de)(de)極限溫(wen)度(du),或者說電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)允許(xu)溫(wen)升(電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)實(shi)際溫(wen)度(du)減去環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du))。各國絕緣等(deng)(deng)級(ji)標準(zhun)有所(suo)差異,但(dan)基本分為:Y、A、E、B、F、H、C 這幾個等(deng)(deng)級(ji),其(qi)中(zhong)Y級(ji)的(de)(de)允許(xu)溫(wen)升最低(45℃),而C級(ji)的(de)(de)允許(xu)溫(wen)升最高(135℃以上)。從軸(zhou)承(cheng)油和其(qi)他材料(liao)方面考慮,用溫(wen)度(du)表(biao)貼親(qin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)測(ce)量的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)最好控制在85℃以下(xia)(xia)。
4、測
(1)離線(xian):在電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)停止運行時,要(yao)定(ding)期(每月)用絕(jue)緣(yuan)表測量其各相對的(de)(de)(de)或相間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu),并(bing)(bing)與上月測試結果相比(bi)較,以便及時發(fa)現(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)缺陷(xian)。發(fa)現(xian)(xian)不良時用烘(hong)潮燈(deng)烘(hong)烤以提高絕(jue)緣(yuan),避免因絕(jue)緣(yuan)太低(di)(di)(推薦值>1兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou))擊穿繞(rao)組燒(shao)壞電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。設(she)有(you)烘(hong)潮電(dian)加熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)除非(fei)特殊情(qing)況(kuang),不要(yao)隨意(yi)關掉加熱(re)開關。在潮濕(shi)天(tian)氣(qi)和冬(dong)季時要(yao)特別注意(yi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水、防(fang)(fang)潮和烘(hong)干。對露天(tian)及潮濕(shi)場所的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)特別注意(yi)水密;對懷(huai)疑嚴重受潮或濺過水的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji),使用前更應認真(zhen)檢查(cha)。如果發(fa)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)浸泡水,只要(yao)將(jiang)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)解體(ti)后抽出轉子,并(bing)(bing)用壓縮空氣(qi)吹干后,再用烤燈(deng)從(cong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)定(ding)子內兩端烘(hong)烤,直止電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)升至正常。有(you)些電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)(de)引線(xian)只有(you)三根,不能(neng)檢測繞(rao)組間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan),重繞(rao)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)一般不應低(di)(di)于5兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou)。
(2)在(zai)線: 在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)時,可(ke)測量其三相(xiang)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流(liu),看是否均(jun)衡。電(dian)(dian)壓應(ying)基本相(xiang)等,各相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與平均(jun)值(zhi)的(de)誤(wu)(wu)差不應(ying)超10%,如用鉗形(xing)表測得的(de)各相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)差值(zhi)太大(da),則可(ke)能(neng)有匝間(jian)(jian)短路(lu)。有時需要(yao)脫開負載(zai)測量空(kong)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)小(xiao),一般2極約(yue)2800rpm,1/3 Ie(額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)),4極約(yue)1600rpm,40%左(zuo)右 Ie,6極約(yue)900rpm,55% Ie。它(ta)會因極數與容(rong)量的(de)不同(tong)而不同(tong)。另外電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)Y、△形(xing)接(jie)法不能(neng)搞錯(cuo),若錯(cuo)將Y形(xing)接(jie)成△形(xing),工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)會增大(da),反之,則減小(xiao)。同(tong)時,如電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)繞(rao)組接(jie)線錯(cuo)誤(wu)(wu),或繞(rao)組匝數減少,舊電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)定轉子(zi)間(jian)(jian)氣隙(xi)過大(da)(正常(chang)0.2-1.0mm)都會使(shi)空(kong)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)加大(da),這(zhe)些(xie)要(yao)點(dian)可(ke)以幫助我們判斷日(ri)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)狀況的(de)好壞(huai)。
5、做
不(bu)(bu)但要對(dui)檢查中發現的問(wen)(wen)題及(ji)時(shi)采取補救(jiu)措施,還(huan)要按保養周期(qi),(每月)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)進行(xing)螺(luo)絲、接(jie)(jie)線(xian)緊(jin)固(gu),拆解檢查、清潔保養等。如:電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)端蓋(gai)4個(ge)固(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)絲全部松(song)脫,造(zao)成(cheng)掃膛運(yun)轉燒(shao)壞(huai)(huai);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)螺(luo)栓松(song)動(dong)虛(xu)接(jie)(jie),造(zao)成(cheng)缺相燒(shao)壞(huai)(huai);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)風(feng)扇葉脫落抵住機(ji)體,造(zao)成(cheng)堵轉而(er)燒(shao)壞(huai)(huai);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)軸承潤滑不(bu)(bu)良、運(yun)行(xing)溫度高(gao),而(er)未及(ji)時(shi)補充潤滑油或(huo)更換軸承,造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)燒(shao)壞(huai)(huai);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)因天氣潮(chao)濕(shi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻下(xia)降,不(bu)(bu)及(ji)時(shi)烘(hong)烤提高(gao)絕(jue)緣造(zao)成(cheng)擊穿。工段(duan)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)燒(shao)壞(huai)(huai)是(shi)因為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)及(ji)時(shi)檢查、緊(jin)固(gu)所(suo)致,還(huan)是(shi)因為(wei)雖已發現問(wen)(wen)題,但沒(mei)做(zuo)維(wei)護保養補救(jiu)所(suo)致。無論是(shi)不(bu)(bu)看不(bu)(bu)做(zuo),還(huan)是(shi)只看不(bu)(bu)做(zuo),最終都會造(zao)成(cheng)故障或(huo)事故。
拆檢電動(dong)機時如需更換(huan)軸(zhou)(zhou)承,要盡可能用(yong)(yong)進口的,國內的會有不少是(shi)翻新的舊軸(zhou)(zhou)承,質量難以保證(zheng)。如發現軸(zhou)(zhou)承外圓(yuan)與端(duan)(duan)蓋軸(zhou)(zhou)承座配合不緊(jin)密,即軸(zhou)(zhou)承走(zou)外圓(yuan)時,要根據其程度不同,視(shi)情況采用(yong)(yong)端(duan)(duan)蓋軸(zhou)(zhou)承座內圈(quan)打(da)麻點、墊銅(tong)皮或鑲銅(tong)套消(xiao)除,一定(ding)要定(ding)準中心點否(fou)則不久又會損壞。投入運行(xing)前,要再次(ci)確(que)認軸(zhou)(zhou)伸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)徑向擺動(dong)與端(duan)(duan)蓋等緊(jin)固情況,轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)動(dong)是(shi)否(fou)靈活,繞(rao)組引線連接是(shi)否(fou)正確(que),等等。
還有(you)許(xu)多電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),當(dang)與其連接(jie)使用的(de)泵(beng)漏水(shui)時(shi)(shi),通常都去加(jia)壓(填料函)滅漏,有(you)經驗的(de)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)工在加(jia)、換盤根時(shi)(shi),都會先用手(shou)盤轉一下,看(kan)(kan)轉動(dong)情況,均衡(heng)上緊(jin)壓蓋螺絲,再短時(shi)(shi)起、停兩三次(ci),看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)工作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)等是否正常;而(er)沒有(you)經驗的(de)新維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)工,只知道上緊(jin)滅漏,不(bu)注意(yi)與之相關的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),結(jie)果導致電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)堵轉起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)太大,熱過載保護來不(bu)及動(dong)作而(er)擊穿(chuan)繞組(zu)燒壞。另(ling)外,在對由(you)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械設(she)備(bei)(減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、水(shui)泵(beng)、油泵(beng)等)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)保養、拆檢裝復時(shi)(shi),也應認(ren)真查驗和校正電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與被驅動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械的(de)軸(zhou)心線,確保對中良好,用手(shou)轉動(dong)聯軸(zhou)器時(shi)(shi)應輕便、靈(ling)活。只有(you)切實、認(ren)真、細致地做好每一步,才(cai)能提(ti)高(gao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)完好率(lv)。
是一(yi)家專業的集(ji)、重慶直流電機維修、技術改造、現(xian)場(chang)檢修及維(wei)護等(deng)為一體的全方(fang)位科(ke)技服務企業(ye)、公(gong)司成立于2010年,公(gong)司技術力量雄厚,各(ge)種專用設備(bei)完(wan)善,工藝流程先進,質量保證(zheng)體系(xi)完(wan)整,現(xian)有(you)員工22人(ren),其中高級工程師(shi)2人(ren),工程師(shi)2人(ren)。
公(gong)司(si)承接各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)的(de)(de)交流同步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、同步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、異步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、直流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等的(de)(de)專業(ye)修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)。公(gong)司(si)專業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)力量雄(xiong)厚(hou),由電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)專業(ye)高(gao)級(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)師、機(ji)(ji)械專業(ye)高(gao)級(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)師進行技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)指導和(he)管理(li),由技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)素質較強的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)進行現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)及修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)。特(te)別是對水泥、礦山、化工(gong)、電(dian)(dian)廠等行業(ye)所使(shi)用的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)大(da)修(xiu)(xiu)和(he)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)及維護有著多(duo)年的(de)(de)豐富經驗。
我公(gong)司對(dui)(dui)各(ge)類電機、變壓器及電控設備(bei)制造維(wei)修有(you)著非常豐富的實踐經(jing)驗。同時,定(ding)期對(dui)(dui)員工進(jin)行崗位技術培訓(xun),提(ti)高(gao)員工專業技術水(shui)平,提(ti)升(sheng)員工整體素質,適應行業發展需(xu)要。
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