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重慶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)廠不(bu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)復后(hou)均要做負(fu)(fu)(fu)載試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)在(zai)(zai)于不(bu)需要較大(da)(da)功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源以(yi)及(ji)(ji)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載。最簡便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用一(yi)臺(tai)大(da)(da)于直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三相交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(最好是(shi)(shi)(shi)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子調(diao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))作原(yuan)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，拖動(dong)(dong)待(dai)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作它勵(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)，用一(yi)定濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)溶液(ye)作負(fu)(fu)(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。具體試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這樣：在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出端并聯一(yi)只直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)，串聯一(yi)只帶分流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)，將輸出端正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)(fu)極浸入盛有鹽(yan)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶缸中(zhong)，移動(dong)(dong)、調(diao)節(jie)兩正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)(dui)距離或(huo)(huo)深(shen)度(du)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)讀數(shu)為(wei)(wei)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值，并觀(guan)察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)讀數(shu)及(ji)(ji)換向器(qi)(qi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)火花，如果(guo)2～3min內，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降幅度(du)不(bu)太(tai)大(da)(da)，火花正(zheng)常，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通過該(gai)實驗(yan)。 潮(chao)濕(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個致命因素，從(cong)飛濺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雨水(shui)或(huo)(huo)由(you)凝(ning)結產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮(chao)氣(qi)都能(neng)(neng)(neng)侵入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處于間斷運(yun)行(xing)期(qi)間。某國內期(qi)刊(kan)雜志2006年第7期(qi)刊(kan)登(deng)了丁(ding)先生(sheng)撰(zhuan)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)吸(xi)潮(chao)一(yi)法(fa)”一(yi)文(wen)（以(yi)下簡稱丁(ding)文(wen)），頗(po)有新意，但(dan)仔(zi)細想來(lai)覺得有些(xie)問題。在(zai)(zai)此，我們西安(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維修(xiu)(xiu)技術(shu)工(gong)程師愿(yuan)與丁(ding)先生(sheng)商(shang)榷并供(gong)讀者參考。丁(ding)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除潮(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用生(sheng)石(shi)灰。大(da)(da)家知道：生(sheng)石(shi)灰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要成分為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)化(hua)鈣，其吸(xi)水(shui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)來(lai)實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，反(fan)應(ying)(ying)速度(du)會隨(sui)著(zhu)吸(xi)收空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)氣(qi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加而放慢。最后(hou)導致反(fan)應(ying)(ying)停止（生(sheng)石(shi)灰吸(xi)濕(shi)呈飽和(he)狀態后(hou)即成為(wei)(wei)熟石(shi)灰）。因此，其吸(xi)水(shui)具有不(bu)可逆性(xing)。生(sheng)石(shi)灰作為(wei)(wei)干燥劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用，常見于食品(pin)、藥品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倉儲與保(bao)(bao)存。而為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)潮(chao)效(xiao)果(guo)，勢畢應(ying)(ying)該(gai)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)至少密封(feng)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個塑料薄膜袋中(zhong)（最好抽出其內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)），小一(yi)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)做到，大(da)(da)個頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)恐怕(pa)就(jiu)難(nan)以(yi)達到了。再說，這生(sheng)石(shi)灰吸(xi)濕(shi)，（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)）吸(xi)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么？

    要多(duo)長時間？很(hen)難操作與(yu)把握。此(ci)(ci)外，丁(ding)文“吸潮(chao)(chao)”的(de)另一個要點是(shi)拆電(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子，這幾乎是(shi)要將電(dian)(dian)機(ji)“解(jie)體”了，非專業(ye)人(ren)士(shi)(shi)恐(kong)怕(pa)很(hen)難復原到出(chu)廠狀態。這將導致可能發(fa)(fa)生電(dian)(dian)機(ji)機(ji)械動(dong)平衡的(de)失衡，進而使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行的(de)噪聲增大，甚至(zhi)造成電(dian)(dian)機(ji)縮短使用壽(shou)命情況的(de)發(fa)(fa)生，（種種因裝配(pei)不(bu)當(dang)、風阻、機(ji)械磨損引起），業(ye)內人(ren)士(shi)(shi)稱之的(de)“過維(wei)護”現象(xiang)的(de)發(fa)(fa)生。筆者以(yi)為此(ci)(ci)法(fa)不(bu)可取。難道對付潮(chao)(chao)濕就無良(liang)策了嗎(ma)？否！我(wo)們西安電(dian)(dian)機(ji)維(wei)修(xiu)廠介紹兩種簡單易行的(de)物(wu)理方法(fa)來(lai)處(chu)理電(dian)(dian)機(ji)受潮(chao)(chao)問(wen)題(ti)，供讀者參考。

　　1）IR加熱法：在電機停止狀態下，巧妙地將一個電壓加在電機的兩相上（見圖），（電機缺相不會運行）通常這個電壓加到電機標稱電壓的1
0％～20％，電流為額定電流的25％～30％。這將使電機線圈有足夠的熱量烘干其內部的潮濕。防爆電機不推薦此法。
　　2）電阻加熱法：對于非防護的鼠籠式電機，用電加熱片（或絲），放入電機的間隙中去，通電加熱以除去濕氣。加熱功率在20瓦至100瓦不等，原則上應以不烤壞電機絕緣為宜。
　　為安全起見，在電(dian)(dian)機運行前，最好先用(yong)兆歐(ou)表檢查一下電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)，應(ying)使電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)相對(dui)地測量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻按國際電(dian)(dian)工委員會（IEEE）的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定至少為1兆歐(ou)，并按每(mei)1兆歐(ou)門(men)千(qian)伏的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)壓比(bi)率增(zeng)加。通(tong)過測量(liang)確定是否有(you)潮氣侵(qin)入電(dian)(dian)機線圈(quan)，以便(bian)妥(tuo)善處理(li)，如重新烘干、浸漆等(deng)。